Have you heard of the term “political correctness?” It often comes up in discussions about language, behavior, and societal norms. But when it comes to talking about Indigenous Peoples, being politically correct isn’t just a buzzword—it’s a matter of showing respect and understanding the history, culture, and experiences of diverse communities.

What does political correctness mean?

Being politically correct means choosing words or actions to avoid marginalizing, offending, or insulting certain groups of people, especially those who have been historically disadvantaged or discriminated against.

Political correctness is also about recognizing the power of language and its impact on people’s lives. It’s about fostering an environment of understanding and inclusivity (learn more about politically correct language from What does politically correct language mean?).

Why is this important?

Words are important. They often hold meanings beyond their literal definitions, reflecting societal attitudes and histories. This is especially true for Indigenous terminology. For years, many terms used represented colonial histories, especially power dynamics. These words were also used to separate them from “Canadians,” which we see in divisive terms like “status” and “non-status Indians.”

Being in Canada— lands that have been stewarded by Indigenous Peoples for thousands of years— it is essential to use language that honors their identities and histories. Using respectful and accurate language is a small but important step toward reconciliation and fostering understanding.

When it comes down to it, using politically correct terminology when referring to Indigenous Peoples is all about respect. It shows awareness, empathy, and a commitment to breaking down the barriers of prejudice that have persisted for centuries.

How to talk about Indigenous people, CBC News

Indigenous terminology

Terminology are special or technical words used in relation to a particular subject or activity. Some specific terminology regarding Indigenous Peoples can be confusing due to outdated or incorrect terms that were commonly used in the past. Many of these terms emerged during the colonial era and are now considered derogatory or misleading. Here are some examples:

1. Aboriginal vs. Indigenous

   Since the Canadian government accepted the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2016, the term “Indigenous Peoples” has been widely used in Canada to refer to First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples. More importantly, this is the term most Indigenous people prefer. While the term “Aboriginal” is still being used since it was official terminology used in the Constitution Act, the politically correct term is actually “Aboriginal Peoples” (a collective name referring to First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples), never “aboriginal,” or “aboriginals.” Meanwhile, the term “aborigines” refers to Indigenous Peoples of Australia and obviously should not be used when referring to Indigenous Peoples of Canada.

2. Why “Peoples,” with an s?

   When we refer to “Indigenous Peoples,” we are not talking about a single group. There are three distinct groups that make up the term: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis people. The First Nations, in particular, represents over 630 First Nations communities in Canada, representing 50 Nations. Of the 630 First Nations, 63 are in Manitoba, including six of the 20 largest bands in Canada (Statistics Canada). However, when referring to a single group, you can use “Indigenous People.”

3. Why is it wrong to use “indian”?

   The term “indian” referring to the Indigenous peoples in the Americas, came from Christopher Columbus, the Italian explorer. He thought that he had reached Asia (East Indies), when he was actually in the Caribbean. He referred to the people living there as “indios” (Indian natives). This mislabelling persisted for centuries and it was later used to call all Indigenous Peoples in North, Central, and South America. Apart from being technically incorrect, the term “indian,” like “aboriginal,” is closely tied to colonial legislation such as the Indian Act and the Constitution Act of 1982. For many, being called indian is offensive and evokes a legacy of colonialism and oppression.

General rules:

1. Be as specific as possible. If you’re referring to one person or one community, then name it.
2. If you’re referring to more than one community, use broader terms like “First Nations, “Inuit,” or “Métis”.
3. If referring to different groups together, then say “Indigenous Peoples”.
4. If you don’t know what exact term to use, ask.
5. If you make a mistake, apologize and correct your mistake. Consider it a learning opportunity.

Using the correct terminology also reflects a genuine commitment to understanding and appreciating the diversity and history of Indigenous communities in Canada. It’s a step toward fostering dialogue and relationships, which are essential for reconciliation and mutual understanding.
 
Sources: Guide to indigenous Terminology: Usage tips and definitions, Indigenous Corporate Training; Terminology, Indigenous Foundations, UBC; and Indian, Harvey A. McCue, Canadian Encyclopedia. Accessed September 9, 2024.